For several years, national and international specialists have warned of the sophistication of tactics, logistics and weapons by the organizations of the crime y Narcotrafficking in Mexicosimilar to those of the Army.
In the argumentation of his initiative to Congress to transfer the National Guard to the Secretariat of National Defense (Sedena), President Andrés Manuel López Obrador defended the continuation of the Army’s work against criminal organizations, because “the risk we face is extremely delicate for the Mexican State, since organized crime in our country has become a ‘quasi-similar’ force. ‘ that uses violence against the population and public institutions”.
“They are groups that disrupt the good works of civil society, they are powerful and represent entrenched interests and the weight of a multi-million dollar global company, but they are not invincible,” he said.
The InSight Crime Foundation spoke with Robert J. Bunker and John P. Sullivan, authors of the book “Advances in Illicit Tactics: Tactical Notes from the Mexican Cartels”, where it is analyzed how this evolution has taken place.
For Robert J. Bunker, the militarization of mexican cartels it is more visible, because they use long-range weapons that should be exclusive to the Army. He exemplified that since its creation, The Zetas They used military-type ammunition, such as rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) and 40-millimeter grenade launchers, while their gunmen wore bulletproof vests and combat harnesses, carried 50-caliber assault rifles, improvised armored combat vehicles, and even explosive devices. improvised.
He argued that the cartels have innovated in their tactics, from the creation of alliances, new organizational practices and even social media marketing practices, allowing them to gain an advantage over their rivals, accumulate power and territorial control, increase profits and improve survivability.
However, he considered that the Mexican Government and Army have been able to adapt their tactics in order to respond to this evolution of criminal organizations.
On June 10 of this year, the Secretary of the Navy, José Rafael Ojeda Durán, admitted that within the institution, personnel steal tactical equipment that goes to criminal members.
“We have detected elements that are taken from our stores, especially uniforms, and sold to organized crime, but fortunately our counterintelligence has detected them and we have discharged them, because putting them in jail is very difficult for legal reasons, but what they leave the institution, they leave,” said the secretary.
The use of tactical gear, such as bulletproof vests and other protective gear, by cartels has skyrocketed in recent years, allowing them to match and even exceed the firepower of law enforcement, the Project explained. Report on Organized Crime and Corruption, a global specialized investigative network.
In the article “Repertoires of terrorism in the Criminal War of Mexico”, prepared by Andreas E. Feldmann and Marc Lopez, professors at the University of Illinois Chicago, highlighted that most of the mexican cartels They are made up of ex-military personnel trained in counterinsurgency, capable of facing a criminal war that “at least in terms of the use of this tactic, resembles conventional civil wars.”
However, he referred “the country (Mexico) does not constitute a conventional civil war, since the political elements are largely absent”.
In his initiative, President López Obrador requested the transfer of the National Guard to the military command, since he considered that with this he seeks to guarantee public security in the face of the “profound effects” of organized crime on the economic, political and social life of the country.
jorge.monroy@eleconomista.mx
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