In the sectors in which it is more integrated with Mexico and Canada, the United States has suffered less loss of competitiveness in the participation of its exports worldwide.
Even the combined share of the three North American countries in world tractor exports (including tractor trucks) increased from 20.7% in 2002 to 22.9% in 2021.
Showing some resilience, in that same comparison, the share of the three nations (members of the T-MEC trade agreement, in force in 2020) in global automobile exports fell from 19.5 to 17.4%, while their coverage in sales of motor vehicles for the transport of goods showed a reduction from 38.6 to 34.2 percent.
“Mexico and the United States recognize that they are stronger when they address challenges and seize opportunities together to make North America more resilient, competitive, diverse, and secure,” the two countries said in a joint statement on September 12, after to conclude the Second Annual Meeting of the High Level Economic Dialogue (DEAN).
In another sector with regional productive integration, medical instruments and devices, North American countries reduced their participation from 33% in 2002 to 27.1% in 2021, according to data from the World Trade Organization (WTO).
After 15 years of arduous negotiations, China became the 143rd member of the WTO on December 11, 2001, helping it become the world’s largest merchandise exporter from 2009 to date.
“Mexico, by joining the agreement (North American Free Trade Agreement, predecessor of T-MEC) helped the United States defend itself from Chinese competition, which had begun with the incorporation of China into the WTO,” he said. Ildefonso Guajardo, former Secretary of Economy and now federal deputy.
The advantages of China
By contrast, China’s share of global phone exports rose from 7.4% in 2002 to 40.4% in 2021; while the share of the nations of the North American region fell from 26.7 to 7.1%, respectively.
We did a study on value chains; where Mexico, the United States and Canada are integrated is where China hit the United States the least in manufacturing,” Guajardo commented, referring to when he served as Secretary of the Economy (from December 2012 to November 2018).
Another case in which China gained competitiveness is in exports of TV sets, going from a share of 7.4 to 35.5% in the same comparison, while North American international sales fell from a share of 25 to 17.2 per hundred.
“In those sectors where we were not integrated is where the United States lost more global competitiveness. That is the reason for creating free trade zones with complementary capacities to be able to compete with other regions of the world”, added Guajardo (today a federal deputy for the PRI), in a presentation at the University of the Americas of Puebla (UDLAP) Jenkins Graduate School, mid-August.
roberto.morales@eleconomista.mx
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