Since 2006, the national ENDIREH surveys measure the perception of types and degrees of violence experienced by women. Almost since their inception, they have to be read in the context of widespread and growing violence, largely due to the expansion of organized crime and militarization, falsely justified as a “strategy” to “pacify” the country. Given the government’s efforts to maintain and expand the militarization of public security and the presidential discourse that reinforces gender mandates, it is likely that the alarming data from the recent ENDIREH 2021 will be ignored by a government that has systematically minimized violence against women. , among others to not recognize the flaws in their “security strategy”.
These surveys measure the prevalence of violence in women aged 15 and over throughout their lives and in the last year. That of 2021 adds a section on the effects of confinement by Covid which, although relative, has been related to the increase in emergencies and cases of child sexual abuse (Red de Refugios) and with the increase in femicides, although the presence of crime Organized or not, and access to weapons have a greater impact on the exacerbation of femicide violence (Data Cívica). It also includes a section on gender stereotypes and practices associated with them, such as the degree of autonomy of women in daily life.
The ENDIREH 2021 reveals a shocking increase in the prevalence of almost all forms of violence since 2016, when the national average was already very high (66.1%) and the scandalous peak of 79.8% in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. In five years, the percentage of women who suffered some type of violence throughout their lives rose to 70.1%, psychological from 49% to 51.6%, physical from 34% to 34.7%, sexual from 41.3% to 49.7%; on the other hand, patrimonial and economic violence and discrimination decreased from 29% to 27.4%. Although some increases seem minor, Inegi itself indicates that the changes are statistically significant
If it is already worrying that sexist violence continues to rise, the state figures show very serious situations: the peak remains in Edomex and the capital with 78.7% and 76.3%, respectively; Querétaro follows with 75.2%, while in the west Colima (73.9%) and Jalisco (71.9%) stand out, and in the north Coahuila (72.3%) and Sonora (71.6%). This does not happen on a calm sea: in 16 states the general violence reaches between 67.3 and 71% and the lowest rate is 48.7% (Chiapas). Nothing to celebrate.
If we focus on the violence experienced in the last 12 months, the picture is also negative: the national average for all violence is 42.8%, exceeded by 13 states and 12 more between 39.5% and 43.8%, while the The lowest prevalence is 26.9% (Chiapas), the same as in previous surveys and which leads to the question of whether domestic violence, forced marriages and other iniquities continue to be normalized, if only sexist violence is perceived or actually exists less.
Regarding the types of violence, the ENDIREH confirms what other sources have documented: a general increase in psychological and sexual violence, mainly against young people between 15 and 24 years of age, as well as the ubiquity of violence, with a significant increase in the public space. Confinement, on the other hand, would have caused or aggravated couple and family conflicts in 15.4% and 23.7%, respectively, which is not minor.
Behind these figures remain millions of women who face daily harassment, humiliation, beatings and death threats without governments designing an effective strategy to curb sexist violence and its institutionalized impunity, which requires a fundamental change in security, justice and education. If militarization does not stop, the outlook for Mexican women will be even worse.
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