The decent or dignified work It is a concept that goes beyond the morality of the activity, it is an occupation with adequate working conditions, which respects fundamental rights and allows personal development. In Mexico the 60% of the workforce does not know this concept because it lacks at least one of these pillars.
The International Labor Organization (ILO) defines decent work as “productive employment that generates a fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for all, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for individuals to express their opinions, organize themselves and participate in the decisions that affect their lives, and equal opportunities and treatment for all, women and men”.
Every October 7 marks the World Day for Decent Work, a day dedicated to the promotion of this right. The concept was launched in 1999 by Juan Somavía, then Director General of the ILO, and refers to the generation of opportunities for all men and women to access employment in conditions of freedom, equality, security y human dignity.
A person has a decent job when they have all the pillars; the absence of one only implies not having decent work. “It starts with a fair remuneration. But you can get paid well and suffer from discrimination, that is no longer a decent job. It is a combo, if it does not have everything, it is not a decent job“, emphasizes Pedro Américo Furtado de Oliveira, director of the ILO office for Mexico and Cuba.
In our country, at least 34.9 million people employed women do not have access to a health institution; that is, 6 out of 10 workers are in this condition, according to the National Survey of Occupation and Employment (ENOE).
“In Mexico there are many variables that affect, we could start from the simplest, which is informality, and reach more specific issues, such as not all jobs guarantee decent work. We also have to talk about the lack of access to a health institution, paid vacations, a Christmas bonus, working hours and people’s remuneration. There are different figures that we can identify,” says Ana Gutiérrez, coordinator of Foreign Trade and the Labor Market of the Mexican Institute for Competitiveness (IMCO).
As the specialist points out, when other working conditions are viewed, such as people with an employer and who work in a subordinate manner, the debt of decent work continues to be observed. The National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Inegi) counts 13.3 million wage earners who do not have access to legal benefits, this group represents 34% of the people who work in this condition.
“In Mexico, labor rights are violated and that explains the number of people in poverty and the permanence of that condition. The cause of this situation is the lack of defense mechanisms because 18 million 640,000 people, more than half of salaried workers, lack stable contracts (52%) and the vast majority, 31 million 230,000 people, lack union organization for the negotiation and collective defense of their rights (87%)”, indicates the organization Acción Ciudadana Contra la Pobreza.
But the debt of decent work in our country is also made visible by the conditions in which people work. 27% of the employed population has a working day per week of more than 48 hours, more than the legal limit established in the Federal Labor Law (LFT).
“One has to think that maybe you have a very good job because you are freelance, but perhaps you do not realize that it is not such a decent job because there are no benefits, for example, there are no vacations and one needs rest time, it is important for any worker, but sometimes a self-employed person does not get that process. It is important for people to ask themselves some questions about the conditions of your work“, points out Pedro Américo Furtado.
Benefit for people and companies
However, Ana Gutiérrez considers that the absence of decent jobs it is part of a vicious circle in which not only the quality of life of the pardons is affected, but also the productivity of the companies.
Furtado de Oliveira agrees on this, “decent work generates greater productivity, it is not an expense, it is a benefit. And it is proven, we have statistics and studies on the productivity of people who have decent work. There is no absenteeism, they are complying , they have the right shirt on because it goes hand in hand. Having decent work is generate more productivitymore profit and more employment”.
What challenges does Mexico have in this matter? For Ana Gutiérrez, reducing informality is “the great obstacle, although there are many, it is the first mountain we have to climb.” The increase in paid vacations is a step forward, because it raises the coverage and benefits that working people covered by the labor law have, but it is a step forward that omits more than half of the employed population that little or Nothing impacts them that these benefits increase, says the specialist.
For the ILO director, for his part, an important challenge in this matter is that workers understand the importance of the collective voice. “Now we have a whole labour reform transcendental in Mexican history, it is the truth, and it represents a great evolution that will be harvested with the future. But we need to recognize the importance of the collective voice to defend workers’ rights and achieve the true decent work environment.”
Decent work, priority strategy
Through its sectoral program, the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare (STPS) recognizes that decent work in our country “it faces enormous challenges and far-reaching challenges” so that the majority of the labor force can count on it. This is largely due to the “deficit of social and labor justice that public policies developed in recent decades have generated,” says the agency.
Decent work is one of the priority objectives of the STPS, and among the specific actions to dignify employment in Mexico, the Secretariat contemplates the strengthening of self-verification and inspection mechanisms.
For 2023, the Federal Expenditure Budget Project (PPEF) proposes an allocation of 629.3 million pesos to the STPS to promote decent work.
“The Budgetary Programs: E003, E004, and E005 will guide their strategies and actions to help working people have decent working conditionsproductive actors are promoted and trained in the new labor culture and social dialogue as a priority in labor relations, alternative mechanisms to inspection, self-management and self-compliance will be promoted and expanded; The presence of federal inspectors in work centers will be strengthened through more efficient inspections that will allow verification of compliance with labor obligations,” indicates the agency in its programmatic strategy for next year.
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