More than 27.6 million people in the world are in a situation of forced labor, according to a new report from the International Labor Organization (ILO). The companies concentrate the majority of that population, it is true, but almost 4 million are under the power of the State and work for it, the report indicates.
The OIT and International Organization for Migration (OIM) published the study Global estimates of modern slavery. Forced labor and forced marriage. In it they indicate that women, children and migrants are in higher risk to be victims of these crimes.
When reading or listening to the above, we can imagine that the people who have been brought to this situation suffer from different types of harassment. However, we often confuse some terms.
That, on the one hand, can trivialize the slavery that occurred between the sixteenth century and the end of the nineteenth century, a period in which millions of African people were kidnapped from their homes and sold in various parts of the world. And on the other hand, the lack of information prevents those who are suffering from this crime in the current circumstances from being able to clearly identify it and thus report it.
As defined globally, modern slavery “consists of two main components: forced labor and forced marriage. They both refer to exploitative situations that a person cannot refuse or abandon due to threats, violence, deception, abuse of power or other forms of coercion,” the report explains.
In Mexico, modern slavery and forced labor are contemplated in the General Law to Prevent, Punish and Eradicate Crimes in the Matter of Trafficking in Persons and for the Protection and Assistance to Victims of these Crimes. However, activists, members of academia and the federal government have pointed out the need to update said rule.
Article 11 of that law defines slavery as “the domination of one person over another, leaving him without the ability to freely dispose of his own person or his property.” The penalty ranges from 15 to 30 years in prison and a fine of 1,000 to 20,000 days’ wages.
Forced labor in our legislation is named as forced labor and it is the use of force, or the threat of using it, so that someone does a job, according to article 22. The law distinguishes this crime from labor exploitation, which occurs when a person obtains, directly or indirectly, an economic or other benefit through the work of others, subjecting the person to practices that violate their dignity, according to article 21.
has not been eradicated
From 2016 to 2021, more than 2.7 million people were integrated into forced labor, adding a total of more than 27.6 million. The increase is explained by the increase in forced labor in different sectors, but also in “forced commercial sexual exploitation,” the report indicates.
In services, manufacturing, construction, agriculture and domestic work, 87% of adults are in forced labor. The rest, which are hundreds of thousands of people, “are forced to dig for minerals or carry out other mining and quarrying work”, fish on ships, beg on the streets and carry out illicit activities.
86% of forced labor is imposed by private agents, but the 14% (3.9 million) is required by the state. The covid-19 pandemic reduced earnings, leading to “greater indebtedness among workers and, with it, a marked increase in debt bondage among some workers who lacked access to formal credit channels.” ”.
The report made in conjunction with the organization Walk Free Foundation, indica that “no region of the world is free from forced labour”. More than half of the world’s total (15.1 million) work in Asia and the Pacific, followed by Europe and Central Asia (4.1 million), Africa (3.8 million), the Americas (3.6 million), and the Arab States (over 900,000). .
Women are much more likely than men to do forced domestic work, to be coerced through wage withholding and the abuse of vulnerability, of being the object of physical and sexual violenceas well as threats against their relatives.
Men usually suffer this violation of their rights in the construction sector. They are more often forced by threats of violence and Economic sanctions.
And childhoods do not escape this tragedy, there are more than 3.3 million in forced labor, “which represents about 12% of all people” in that situation. But those numbers “may just be the tip of the iceberg. Forced child labor constitutes one of the components of child labour.
More than half of the children and adolescents who are victims of forced labor “are involved in commercial sexual exploitation. Domestic work, agriculture and manufacturing are other of the many sectors”.
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